ZFS作成
前項で、SSH接続まで行い、この画面表示であるものとする。
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD ?.?.? (UNKNOWN)
Welcome to FreeBSD!
Before seeking technical support, please use the following resources:
o Security advisories and updated errata information for all releases are
at http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ - always consult the ERRATA section
for your release first as it's updated frequently.
o The Handbook and FAQ documents are at http://www.FreeBSD.org/ and,
along with the mailing lists, can be searched by going to
http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/. If the doc distribution has
been installed, they're also available formatted in /usr/share/doc.
If you still have a question or problem, please take the output of
`uname -a', along with any relevant error messages, and email it
as a question to the questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list. If you are
unfamiliar with FreeBSD's directory layout, please refer to the hier(7)
manual page. If you are not familiar with manual pages, type `man man'.
You may also use sysinstall(8) to re-enter the installation and
configuration utility. Edit /etc/motd to change this login announcement.
#
今回作成する環境はSSD+HDDでAHCI有効、SSDのパーティション切って、ZILとL2ARCを作成する。
ディスク準備
Initialize
- 接続されているドライブのデバイス名を、起動ログからGrepして調査
# dmesg | grep "[ad][ad][0-9]" ada0 at ahcich0 bus 0 scbus0 target 0 lun 0 ada0: <C300-MTFDDAC064MAG 0002> ATA-9 SATA 3.x device ada0: 600.000MB/s transfers (SATA 3.x, UDMA5, PIO 8192bytes) ada0: Command Queueing enabled ada0: 61057MB (125045424 512 byte sectors: 16H 63S/T 16383C) ada1 at ahcich1 bus 0 scbus1 target 0 lun 0 ada1: <WDC WD10TPVT-00HT5T1 01.01A01> ATA-8 SATA 2.x device ada1: 300.000MB/s transfers (SATA 2.x, UDMA6, PIO 8192bytes) ada1: Command Queueing enabled ada1: 953869MB (1953525168 512 byte sectors: 16H 63S/T 16383C) da0 at umass-sim0 bus 0 scbus3 target 0 lun 0 da0: <I-O DATA USB Flash Disk BC01> Removable Direct Access SCSI-0 device da0: 40.000MB/s transfers da0: 1912MB (3915776 512 byte sectors: 255H 63S/T 243C) GEOM: da0: media size does not match label.
# dmesg | grep "[ad][ad][0-9]" ada0 at ahcich0 bus 0 scbus0 target 0 lun 0 ada0: <WDC WD10EALX-009BA0 15.01H15> ATA-8 SATA 3.x device ada0: 600.000MB/s transfers (SATA 3.x, UDMA6, PIO 8192bytes) ada0: Command Queueing enabled ada0: 953869MB (1953525168 512 byte sectors: 16H 63S/T 16383C) ada1 at ahcich1 bus 0 scbus1 target 0 lun 0 ada1: <WDC WD10EALX-009BA0 15.01H15> ATA-8 SATA 3.x device ada1: 600.000MB/s transfers (SATA 3.x, UDMA6, PIO 8192bytes) ada1: Command Queueing enabled ada1: 953869MB (1953525168 512 byte sectors: 16H 63S/T 16383C) ada2 at ahcich2 bus 0 scbus2 target 0 lun 0 ada2: <C400-MTFDDAC064MAM 0002> ATA-9 SATA 3.x device ada2: 300.000MB/s transfers (SATA 2.x, UDMA5, PIO 8192bytes) ada2: Command Queueing enabled ada2: 61057MB (125045424 512 byte sectors: 16H 63S/T 16383C) da0 at umass-sim0 bus 0 scbus6 target 0 lun 0 da0: <Sony Storage Media 0100> Removable Direct Access SCSI-0 device da0: 40.000MB/s transfers da0: 1935MB (3962880 512 byte sectors: 255H 63S/T 246C) GEOM: da0: media size does not match label.
- 作成済みのパーティションを削除 ※新規インストールの場合は不要
# gpart show => 34 125045357 ada0 GPT (60G) 34 128 1 freebsd-boot (64K) 162 125045229 2 freebsd-zfs (60G) => 34 1953525101 ada1 GPT (932G) 34 128 - free - (64K) 162 1950351360 1 freebsd-zfs (930G) 1950351522 3173613 - free - (1.5G) => 0 3915776 da0 BSD (1.9G) 0 16 - free - (8.0K) 16 2124544 1 !0 (1.0G) 2124560 1791216 - free - (875M) # gpart delete -i 1 ada0 ada0p1 deleted # gpart delete -i 2 ada0 ada0p2 deleted # gpart delete -i 1 ada1 ada1p1 deleted # gpart destroy ada0 ada0 destroyed # gpart destroy ada1 ada1 destroyed- ディスクを初期化
# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1m count=1 of=/dev/ada0 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1048576 bytes transferred in 0.012154 secs (86273422 bytes/sec) # dd if=/dev/zero bs=1m count=1 of=/dev/ada1 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1048576 bytes transferred in 0.006032 secs (173835830 bytes/sec)
# gpart show => 0 3962880 da0 BSD (1.9G) 0 16 - free - (8.0K) 16 2124544 1 !0 (1.0G) 2124560 1838320 - free - (898M) # dd if=/dev/zero bs=1m count=1 of=/dev/ada0 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1048576 bytes transferred in 0.003596 secs (291589638 bytes/sec) # dd if=/dev/zero bs=1m count=1 of=/dev/ada1 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1048576 bytes transferred in 0.003614 secs (290127747 bytes/sec) # dd if=/dev/zero bs=1m count=1 of=/dev/ada2 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1048576 bytes transferred in 0.007912 secs (132527165 bytes/sec)
Partitioning
- パーティションの作成
# gpart create -s gpt ada0 ada0 created # gpart create -s gpt ada1 ada1 created # gpart add -s 64K -t freebsd-boot ada0 ada0p1 added # gpart add -s 99879405 -t freebsd-zfs -l ssd0 ada0 ada0p2 added # gpart add -s 4G -t freebsd-zfs -l cache0 ada0 ada0p3 added # gpart add -s 8G -t freebsd-zfs -l log0 ada0 ada0p4 added # gpart add -b 40 -t freebsd-zfs -l hdd0 ada1 ada1p1 added
# gpart create -s gpt ada0 ada0 created # gpart create -s gpt ada1 ada1 created # gpart create -s gpt ada2 ada2 created # gpart add -s 64K -t freebsd-boot ada0 ada0p1 added # gpart add -s 64K -t freebsd-boot ada1 ada1p1 added # gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l hdd0 ada0 ada0p2 added # gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l hdd1 ada1 ada1p2 added # gpart add -s 32G -t freebsd-zfs -l cache0 ada2 ada2p1 added # gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l log0 ada2 ada2p2 added
- 尚、cache0とlog0をssd0より先に作成してしまうと、起動出来なくなるらしいので注意。
- bootcode埋め込み
# gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0 bootcode written to ada0
# gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0 bootcode written to ada0 # gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada1 bootcode written to ada1
- パーティションの確認
# gpart show => 0 3915776 da0 BSD (1.9G) 0 16 - free - (8.0K) 16 2124544 1 !0 (1.0G) 2124560 1791216 - free - (875M) => 34 125045357 ada0 GPT (60G) 34 128 1 freebsd-boot (64K) 162 99879405 2 freebsd-zfs (48G) 99879567 8388608 3 freebsd-zfs (4.0G) 108268175 16777216 4 freebsd-zfs (8.0G) => 34 1953525101 ada1 GPT (932G) 34 6 - free - (3.0K) 40 1953525095 1 freebsd-zfs (932G)# gpart show => 0 3962880 da0 BSD (1.9G) 0 16 - free - (8.0K) 16 2124544 1 !0 (1.0G) 2124560 1838320 - free - (898M) => 34 1953525101 ada0 GPT (932G) 34 128 1 freebsd-boot (64K) 162 1953524973 2 freebsd-zfs (932G) => 34 1953525101 ada1 GPT (932G) 34 128 1 freebsd-boot (64K) 162 1953524973 2 freebsd-zfs (932G) => 34 125045357 ada2 GPT (60G) 34 67108864 1 freebsd-zfs (32G) 67108898 57936493 2 freebsd-zfs (28G)
ZFS
Load Module
- ZFSをFreeBSDで扱うためのカーネルモジュールを読み込む
# kldload zfs.ko # kldstat Id Refs Address Size Name 1 14 0xffffffff80100000 c9fe20 kernel 2 1 0xffffffff811a0000 ffb0 ahci.ko 3 1 0xffffffff81222000 104a7a zfs.ko 4 1 0xffffffff81327000 1a22 opensolaris.ko
# kldload zfs.ko # kldstat Id Refs Address Size Name 1 14 0xffffffff80100000 c9fe20 kernel 2 1 0xffffffff811a0000 ffb0 ahci.ko 3 1 0xffffffff81222000 104a7a zfs.ko 4 1 0xffffffff81327000 1a22 opensolaris.ko
- zfs.koとopensolaris.koがあればおｋ。
Storage Pool
- zpoolでストレージプールを作成。
# zpool create -f zroot /dev/gpt/ssd0 # zpool create -f tank /dev/gpt/hdd0
# zpool create -f zroot mirror /dev/gpt/hdd0 /dev/gpt/hdd1
- データストレージ(HDD)のZILとL2ARCを予め切っておいたSSDのパーティションに設定
# zpool add -f tank log /dev/gpt/log0 # zpool add -f tank cache /dev/gpt/cache0
# zpool add -f zroot log /dev/gpt/log0 # zpool add -f zroot cache /dev/gpt/cache0
ZFS Setting
- チェックサムの変更
- ZFSのデフォルト？のチェックサムアルゴリズム「fletcher2」にはバグがあるらしいので、「fletcher4」か「sha256」に変更。
- ここでは「fletcher4」に設定する。
# zfs set checksum=fletcher4 zroot # zfs set checksum=fletcher4 tank
# zfs set checksum=fletcher4 zroot
- atime(access time)無効化
- SSD使用の場合は特に必須かも。
# zfs set atime=off zroot # zfs set atime=off tank
# zfs set atime=off zroot
- 自動マウントを無効化し、レガシーマウントに変更
# zfs set mountpoint=legacy zroot # zfs set mountpoint=legacy tank
# zfs set mountpoint=legacy zroot
- ストレージプールを確認
# zpool iostat -v capacity operations bandwidth pool used avail read write read write ---------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- tank 88.5K 928G 0 0 98 5.30K gpt/hdd0 88.5K 928G 0 0 77 2.88K gpt/log0 0 7.94G 0 0 23 2.74K cache - - - - - - gpt/cache0 1010K 3.99G 0 0 137 1.02K ---------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- zroot 87K 47.5G 0 0 73 1.64K gpt/ssd0 87K 47.5G 0 0 73 1.64K ---------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- # zpool status pool: tank state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM tank ONLINE 0 0 0 gpt/hdd0 ONLINE 0 0 0 logs gpt/log0 ONLINE 0 0 0 cache gpt/cache0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors pool: zroot state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM zroot ONLINE 0 0 0 gpt/ssd0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors# zpool iostat -v capacity operations bandwidth pool used avail read write read write ------------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- zroot 90K 928G 0 2 86 9.96K mirror 90K 928G 0 2 21 2.54K gpt/hdd0 - - 0 1 236 8.90K gpt/hdd1 - - 0 1 64 8.90K gpt/log0 0 27.5G 0 0 86 9.88K cache - - - - - - gpt/cache0 698K 32.0G 0 0 512 2.66K ------------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- # zpool status pool: zroot state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM zroot ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror ONLINE 0 0 0 gpt/hdd0 ONLINE 0 0 0 gpt/hdd1 ONLINE 0 0 0 logs gpt/log0 ONLINE 0 0 0 cache gpt/cache0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors
Make ZFS
- ファイルシステムを作成
- /tmp,
/var/tmp, /var/logはtmpfsを使用します。 - /var/tmpはFilesystem Hierarchy Standardの規格違反になるらしい。念の為、zrootに割り当てるように変更。 --makimaki 2011/2/26 13:18:31
# zfs create zroot/system # zfs create zroot/system/sysroot # zfs create zroot/system/usr # zfs create zroot/system/var # zfs create zroot/system/var/crash # zfs create zroot/system/var/db # zfs create zroot/system/var/db/pkg # zfs create zroot/system/var/empty # zfs create zroot/system/var/mail # zfs create zroot/system/var/run # zfs create zroot/system/var/tmp # zfs create tank/src # zfs create tank/ports # zfs create tank/ports/distfiles # zfs create tank/ports/packages # zfs create tank/home
# zfs create zroot/system # zfs create zroot/system/sysroot # zfs create zroot/system/usr # zfs create zroot/system/var # zfs create zroot/system/var/crash # zfs create zroot/system/var/db # zfs create zroot/system/var/db/pkg # zfs create zroot/system/var/empty # zfs create zroot/system/var/log # zfs create zroot/system/var/mail # zfs create zroot/system/var/run # zfs create zroot/system/var/tmp # zfs create zroot/src # zfs create zroot/ports # zfs create zroot/ports/distfiles # zfs create zroot/ports/packages # zfs create zroot/home
- 圧縮設定
- 適当に設定。
# zfs set compression=gzip-5 zroot/system/var/crash # zfs set compression=gzip-3 zroot/system/var/db/pkg # zfs set compression=gzip-5 zroot/system/var/mail # zfs set compression=lzjb zroot/system/var/tmp # zfs set compression=gzip-9 tank/src # zfs set compression=lzjb tank/ports
# zfs set compression=gzip-5 zroot/system/var/crash # zfs set compression=gzip-3 zroot/system/var/db/pkg # zfs set compression=gzip-5 zroot/system/var/mail # zfs set compression=lzjb zroot/system/var/tmp # zfs set compression=gzip-9 zroot/src # zfs set compression=lzjb zroot/ports # zfs set compression=gzip-9 zroot/ports/distfiles # zfs set compression=gzip-3 zroot/ports/packages
- 実行権無効化
# zfs set exec=off zroot/system/var/crash # zfs set exec=off zroot/system/var/db # zfs set exec=on zroot/system/var/db/pkg # zfs set exec=off zroot/system/var/empty # zfs set exec=off zroot/system/var/mail # zfs set exec=off tank/src # zfs set exec=off tank/ports/distfiles # zfs set exec=off tank/ports/packages
# zfs set exec=off zroot/system/var/crash # zfs set exec=off zroot/system/var/db # zfs set exec=on zroot/system/var/db/pkg # zfs set exec=off zroot/system/var/empty # zfs set exec=off zroot/system/var/log # zfs set exec=off zroot/system/var/mail # zfs set exec=off zroot/src # zfs set exec=off zroot/ports/distfiles # zfs set exec=off zroot/ports/packages
- setuid無効化
# zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/crash # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/db # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/db/pkg # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/empty # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/mail # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/tmp # zfs set setuid=off tank/src # zfs set setuid=off tank/ports # zfs set setuid=off tank/ports/distfiles # zfs set setuid=off tank/ports/packages
# zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/crash # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/db # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/db/pkg # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/empty # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/log # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/mail # zfs set setuid=off zroot/system/var/tmp # zfs set setuid=off zroot/src # zfs set setuid=off zroot/ports # zfs set setuid=off zroot/ports/distfiles # zfs set setuid=off zroot/ports/packages
- Swap領域の作成
# zfs create -V 16G tank/swap # zfs set org.freebsd:swap=on tank/swap # zfs set checksum=off tank/swap
# zfs create -V 8G zroot/swap # zfs set org.freebsd:swap=on zroot/swap # zfs set checksum=off zroot/swap
- ブートルート設定
# zpool set bootfs=zroot/system/sysroot zroot
# zpool set bootfs=zroot/system/sysroot zroot
- 参考